基于Kalman滤波的GPS/INS接收机自适应干扰抑制方法

 考虑到惯导信息辅助GPS(GPS/INS)接收机对干扰抑制实时性的要求,提出一种基于Kalman滤波的GPS/INS接收机自适应干扰抑制方法。自适应广义旁瓣相消(GSC)多采用低复杂度最小均方(LMS)算法更新权矢量,收敛速率较低,严重时会导致接收机定位中断。首先利用Householder变换构建GSC下支路的阻塞矩阵,用于阻塞任意二维阵型阵列接收的期望信号;再用Kalman滤波自适应更新下支路权矢量,从而有效提高阵列输出信干噪比(SINR)。理论分析和仿真结果说明本文方法可有效抑制干扰对接收机的影响,且具有实时性高的特点。     

复杂背景中红外多光谱目标检测算法研究

针对多光谱红外探测器,对复杂背景条件下红外弱小目标检测算法进行了研究。根据弱小目标缺乏纹理等相关信息的特点,给出了一种用于多光谱图像的弱小目标检测算法。对多光谱图像,构建数据立方体,对多光谱信息建立稳定的目标特征向量,用多光谱背景抑制滤波器以提升图像信噪比,将一种基于统计判别的低信噪比条件下红外序列图像弱小目标检测算法与传统多级假设检验跟踪(MHT)算法综合,形成了改进的连续帧目标检测跟踪算法,对波门内疑似目标点用引入多光谱信息建立的特征向量进行目标的非监督检测判决。实验结果证明:在低信噪比下该算法能有效检测跟踪弱小目标,在保证检测概率前提下可有效抑制虚警,极大地降低了后续跟踪算法的计算爆炸风险。     

基于寒鸦配对交互行为的无人机集群编队控制

受寒鸦群配对飞行行为机制的启发，提出了一种配对交互模型，并应用于解决无人机（UAV）集群编队控制问题。首先，模仿寒鸦个体间的配对交互，设计配对交互时的邻居选择机制，基于社会力，考虑惯性加速、远距吸引、近距排斥、速度匹配和运动阻尼，分别建立配对个体和未配对个体的运动学微分方程，完成配对交互模型的构建。然后，在无人机模型基础上，设计基于寒鸦配对交互机制的无人机集群编队控制器。最后，通过2组仿真实验研究所提模型应用于无人机集群时的特性。结果表明，寒鸦配对交互模型能保证无人机集群运动的一致性，通过减小无人机交互的平均邻居数量，从而减小无人机集群的通信负载，并且当单向刺激时，配对无人机作为信息无人机时集群有更高的应激精度。      

星座碰撞规避的迭代学习构型保持方法CSCD

针对低轨卫星星座运行中地球引力摄动的周期特性,基于迭代学习控制(ILC)方法,提出了星座碰撞规避的迭代学习构型保持方法。该方法由反馈控制和ILC两部分构成,分别抑制卫星运行过程中的非周期摄动和周期摄动对构型保持精度的影响,进而在地球非球形引力摄动未知条件下,通过相对构型的精确保持实现对星座卫星碰撞的有效规避。仿真结果表明,在地球J摄动影响下,与传统反馈控制相比,ILC方法以更小的控制输入实现了轨道保持精度的显著提升,进而在星座卫星轨道高度相近的情形下显著降低了碰撞风险,且控制器可在保证收敛性能的前提下,实现启动时间的灵活选择。     

无线传感器网络空中目标跟踪任务分配技术的研究

以无线传感器网络对空中飞行目标跟踪为背景，针对无线传感器网络协同技术中的任务分配问题，以降低传感器节点之间的通信能量消耗为目的，提出了一种基于弹性神经网络的任务分配算法。首先对多动态联盟多目标跟踪问题进行建模，然后依据最小能量准则，采用一种非全连接的环形结构的弹性神经网络模型，解决了多目标跟踪时的任务优化分配问题以及多个动态联盟对传感器资源竞争冲突时系统能耗增加的问题。仿真结果表明，该算法与传统的方法相比，大大降低了跟踪系统的能量消耗。     

Recent advance on design and manufacturing of composite anisogrid structures for space launchers

Anisogrid composite shells have been developed and applied since the eighties by the Russian technology aiming at critical weight structures for space launchers, as interstages and cone adapters. The manufacturing process commonly applied is based on the wet filament winding. The paper concerns with some developments of design and manufacturing recently performed at the Italian Aerospace Research Center on a cylindrical structural model representative of this kind of structures. The framework of preliminary design is improved by introducing the concept of suboptimal configuration in order to match the stiffness requirement of the shell and minimise the mass, in conjunction with the typical strength constraints. The undertaken manufacturing process is based on dry robotic winding for the lattice structure and for the outer skin, with the aid of usual rubber tooling and new devices for the automated deposition strategy. Resin infusion under vacuum bag and co-cure of the system of ribs and skin is finally applied out-of-autoclave, with the aid of a heated mandrel. With such approach an interstage structural model (scale factor 1:1.5) has been designed, manufactured and tested. Design requirements and loads refer to a typical space launcher whose baseline configuration is made in aluminium. The global mechanical test of the manufactured structure has confirmed the expected high structural performance. The possibility to reach substantial weight savings in comparison with the aluminium benchmark has been fully demonstrated.     

行星着陆轨迹优化技术研究进展

针对行星大气进入、动力下降过程动力学环境及约束条件等进行了分析,回顾了近年来行星着陆轨迹优化的研究现状。在此基础上,结合行星着陆轨迹优化技术在动力学特征、约束条件、不确定环境方面的特点,从非线性动力学的等价/近似变换技术、复杂约束条件下的最优轨迹快速求解技术、不确定条件下的能控/能达性分析技术三个方面,对行星着陆轨迹优化的关键技术进行了梳理。     

序列凸优化的小天体附着轨迹优化

针对小天体附着多约束轨迹优化问题，提出一种基于序列凸优化的轨迹优化方法。首先采用内球谐引力场模型对目标小天体附近的不规则引力场进行精确建模，内球谐引力场模型是对经典球谐系数法的改进，形式简单，计算量小，并且克服了经典球谐系数模型在形状不规则的小天体附近不收敛的问题。对于小天体附着多约束轨迹优化问题，通过约束松弛、线性化、离散化过程，转化为一个可以迭代求解的二阶锥规划问题（SOCP），进而采用内点法进行解算。数学仿真结果显示，优化结果符合各项约束条件，以零速度到达了目标着陆点，且符合燃耗最优的优化目标。利用序列凸优化算法进行小天体附着燃耗最优轨迹设计，推导简便，计算速度快，精度高，具有应用价值。     

Devising an unconventional formal logic for bioinspired spacefaring automata

The field of robotics is increasingly moving from robots confined to factory floors and assembly lines and bound to perform the same tasks over and over in an uncertainty-free, well foreseeable environment, to robots designed for operating in highly dynamic and uncertainty domains, like those of interest in space exploration. According to an idea of a “new system of formal logic less rigid than past and present formal logic” advocated by von Neumann for building a powerful theory of automata, such system should be “closer to another discipline which has been little linked in the past with logic, i.e. thermodynamics, primarily in the form it was received by Boltzmann”. Following that idea, which is particularly interesting now with the emerging computational nano-sciences, it is stressed here that a full set of isomorphisms can be established between the fundamental logical principles and the information flows, Hamiltonian or dissipative, in phase space. This form of logic, dubbed here kinetic logic, takes standard formal logic out of the field of combinatorics and into the field of the Boltzmannian form of thermodynamics, i.e. kinetics.     

Sensor/actuator fault diagnosis based on statistical analysis of innovation sequence and Robust Kalman Filtering

In this paper, an approach to detect and isolate the aircraft sensor/actuator faults affecting the mean of the Kalman filter innovation sequence is presented. The effects of the sensor and actuator faults in the innovation process of the channels are investigated, and a decision approach to isolate the sensor and actuator faults is proposed. When a Kalman filter is used, the decision statistics change regardless of whether the fault is in the sensors or in the actuators, whilst when a Robust Kalman Filter (RKF) is used, it is easy to distinguish the sensor and actuator faults. A novel feature of this diagnostic method is that the innovation sequence based fault isolation algorithm has been presented and hence, the sensor/actuator fault detection and isolation problem has been solved. The categories (or classes) of the likely faults are not demanded. The statistical characteristics of the system are not required to be known after the fault has occurred. In the simulations, the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft control system are considered, and the detection and isolation of pitch rate gyro faults and actuator faults affecting the mean of the innovation sequence are examined.